Fighting COVID-19: What Are the Available Options?
-
Mohammadreza Salehi
,
Maryam Edalatifard
,
Reza Taslimi
,
Fereshteh Ghiasvand
,
Nasim Khajavirad
,
Hadi Mirfazaelian
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus, and its infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have quickly become a worldwide threat. It is essential for clinicians to learn about this pandemic to manage patients. Among different aspects of the condition, is the treatment of this disease. Unfortunately, currently there is no effective treatment option that can be supported by evidence-based medicine. This review analyzes information from literature on treatments.
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5. Mulangu S, Dodd LE, Davey Jr RT, Tshiani Mbaya O, Proschan M, Mukadi D, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(24):2293-303.
6. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020;30(3):269-71.
7. Grein J, Ohmagari N, Shin D, Diaz G, Asperges E, Castagna A, et al. Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
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9. Furuta Y, Komeno T, Nakamura T. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2017;93(7):449-63.
10. Dong L, Hu S, Gao J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug Discov Ther. 2020;14(1):58-60.
11. Chen C, Huang J, Cheng Z, Wu J, Chen S, Zhang Y, et al. Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. MedRxiv. 2020.
12. Huang L, Zhang L, Liu Y, Luo R, Zeng L, Telegina I, et al. Arbidol for preventing and treating influenza in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD011489.
13. Lawitz E, Mangia A, Wyles D, Rodriguez-Torres M, Hassanein T, Gordon SC, et al. Sofosbuvir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(20):1878-87.
14. Elfiky AA. Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study. Life Sci. 2020:117592.
15. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing Sovodak (Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir) in participants with moderate to severe Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) compared to standard of care treatment. 2020. [Available from: https://en.irct.ir/trial/46463].
16. Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
17. Sinha N, Balayla G. Hydroxychloroquine and covid-19. Postgrad Med J. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
18. Sperber K, Quraishi H, Kalb T, Panja A, Stecher V, Mayer L. Selective regulation of cytokine secretion by hydroxychloroquine: inhibition of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1-alpha) and IL-6 in human monocytes and T cells. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(5):803-8.
19. Kwiek JJ, Haystead TA, Rudolph J. Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines. Biochemistry. 2004;43(15):4538-47.
20. Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, Cui C, Huang B, Niu P, et al. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
21. Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, Doudier B, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
22. Kalil AC. Treating COVID-19—off-label drug use, compassionate use, and randomized clinical trials during pandemics. JAMA. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
23. Chen Z, Hu J, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Han S, Yan D, et al. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. MedRxiv. 2020.
24. Liu B, Li M, Zhou Z, Guan X, Xiang Y. Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)? J Autoimmun. 2020;111:102452.
25. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
26. Hellewell S, Semple BD, Morganti-Kossmann MC. Therapies negating neuroinflammation after brain trauma. Brain Res. 2016;1640:36-56.
27. Chen C, Zhang X, Ju Z, He W. Advances in the research of cytokine storm mechanism induced by Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the corresponding immunotherapies. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
28. Monteleone G, Sarzi-Puttini PC, Ardizzone S. Preventing COVID-19-induced pneumonia with anticytokine therapy. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020 May;2(5):e255-6.
29. Vincent J-L. Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine 2012: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
30. Peters vTA, Kox M, Pickkers P, Abdo WF. Reduced glial activity after surgery: A sign of immunoparalysis of the brain? Ann Neurol. 2017;82(1):152.
31. Leentjens J, Kox M, van der Hoeven JG, Netea MG, Pickkers P. Immunotherapy for the adjunctive treatment of sepsis: from immunosuppression to immunostimulation. Time for a paradigm change? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(12):1287-93.
32. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Van Assche G, Gómez-Ulloa D, García-Álvarez L, Lara N, Black CM, et al. Systematic review of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(1):25-36.e27.
33. Osterman MT, Lichtenstein GR. Infliximab vs Adalimumab for UC: Is There A Difference? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(8):1197-9.
34. Cholapranee A, Hazlewood GS, Kaplan GG, Peyrin‐Biroulet L, Ananthakrishnan AN. Systematic review with meta‐analysis: comparative efficacy of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(10):1291-302.
35. Targan SR, Hanauer SB, Van Deventer SJ, Mayer L, Present DH, Braakman T, DeWoody KL, Schaible TF, Rutgeerts PJ. A short-term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor α for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(15):1029-36.
36. Schett G, Sticherling M, Neurath MF. COVID-19: risk for cytokine targeting in chronic inflammatory diseases? Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(5):271-2.
37. Wisniewski A, Kirchgesner J, Seksik P, Landman C, Bourrier A, Nion-Larmurier I, et al. Increased incidence of systemic serious viral infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease associates with active disease and use of thiopurines. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020;8(3):303-13.
38. Kirchgesner J, Lemaitre M, Carrat F, Zureik M, Carbonnel F, Dray-Spira R. Risk of serious and opportunistic infections associated with treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(2):337-46.e10.
39. Queiroz NSF, Barros LL, Azevedo MFCd, Oba J, Sobrado CW, Carlos AdS, et al. Management of inflammatory bowel disease patients in the COVID-19 pandemic era: a Brazilian tertiary referral center guidance. Clinics. 2020;75:e1909.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 4 No 2s (2020): COVID-19 | |
| Section | Review article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Antiviral Agents COVID-19 COVID-19 drug treatment | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Salehi M, Edalatifard M, Taslimi R, Ghiasvand F, Khajavirad N, Mirfazaelian H. Fighting COVID-19: What Are the Available Options?. Front Emerg Med. 2020;4(2s):e65.
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