Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 on Health Care Workers in the Emergency Department
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency. It has not only affected the general population, but has also caused psychological distress in the frontline health care workers (HCWs). It is crucial to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 on the frontline HCWs. The overall well-being and resilience of HCWs are key determinants to maintain an optimal healthcare response for appropriate patient management as well as to achieve good patient outcomes. This article summarizes the various risk factors as well as strategies that can be adopted to reduce the impact of stress on these frontline HCWs. This will help guide institutional as well as national policies and interventions to maintain their psychological well-being.
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15. Morin CM, Rodrigue S, Ivers H. Role of stress, arousal, and coping skills in primary insomnia. Psychosom Med 2003; 65(2):259-67.
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17. Jehan S, Zizi F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Myers AK, Auguste E, Jean-Louis G, et al. Shift work and sleep: medical implications and management. Sleep Med Disord. 2017;1(2):00008.
18. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:306.
19. US Department of Veterans Affairs. Managing Healthcare Workers' Stress Associated with the COVID-19 Virus Outbreak. [Available at: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/covid/COVID_healthcare_workers.asp]. Accessed 16th April 2020.
20. Wong EL, Wong SY, Lee N, Cheung A, Griffiths S. Healthcare workers' duty concerns of working in the isolation ward during the novel H1N1 pandemic. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(9-10):1466-75.
21. Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang R, et al. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
22. Reissman DB, Watson PJ, Klomp RW, Tanielian TL, Prior SD. Pandemic influenza preparedness: adaptive responses to an evolving challenge. J Homel Secur Emerg Manag. 2006;3(2):1-27
2. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. [Available at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020]. Accessed 10th April 2020.
3. World Health Organization. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 82. 16th April 2020. [Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-repoets/2020041 6-sitrep-87-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9523115a_2]. Accessed 17th April 2020.
4. Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. CMAJ 2003;168(10):1245-51.
5. Bai Y, Lin CC, Lin CY, Chen JY, Chue CM, Chou P. Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55(9):1055-7.
6. Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Sham PC, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry. 2007; 52(4):233-40.
7. Chua SE, Cheung V, Cheung C, McAlonan GM, Wong JW, Cheung EP, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233-40.
8. Li L, Cheng S, Gu J. SARS infection among health care workers in Beijing, China. JAMA. 2003;290(20):2662-3.
9. Shih FJ, Gau ML, Kao CC, Yang CY, Lin YS, Liao YC, et al. Dying and caring on the edge: Taiwan’s surviving nurses’ reflections on taking care of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Appl Nurs Res. 2007;20(4):171-80.
10. Lu Y, Shu B, Chang Y, Lung F. The mental health of hospital workers dealing with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Psychother Psychosom. 2006;75(6):370-5.
11. Wong TW, Yau JK, Chan CL, Kwong RS, Ho SM, Lau CC, et al. The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med. 2005;12(1):13-8.
12. Wang W, Tang J, Wei F. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(4):441-7.
13. Nickell LA, Crighton EJ, Tracy CS, Al-Enazy H, Bolaji Y, Hanjrah S, et al. Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: survey of a large tertiary care institution. CMAJ 2004; 170(5):793–8.
14. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
15. Morin CM, Rodrigue S, Ivers H. Role of stress, arousal, and coping skills in primary insomnia. Psychosom Med 2003; 65(2):259-67.
16. Brooks SK, Dunn R, Amlôt R, Rubin GJ, Greenberg N. Thematic review of social and occupational factors associated with psychological outcomes in healthcare employees during an infectious disease outbreak. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60(3):248-57.
17. Jehan S, Zizi F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Myers AK, Auguste E, Jean-Louis G, et al. Shift work and sleep: medical implications and management. Sleep Med Disord. 2017;1(2):00008.
18. Zhang C, Yang L, Liu S, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, et al. Survey of Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Involved in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:306.
19. US Department of Veterans Affairs. Managing Healthcare Workers' Stress Associated with the COVID-19 Virus Outbreak. [Available at: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/covid/COVID_healthcare_workers.asp]. Accessed 16th April 2020.
20. Wong EL, Wong SY, Lee N, Cheung A, Griffiths S. Healthcare workers' duty concerns of working in the isolation ward during the novel H1N1 pandemic. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(9-10):1466-75.
21. Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang R, et al. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; [Epub ahead of print].
22. Reissman DB, Watson PJ, Klomp RW, Tanielian TL, Prior SD. Pandemic influenza preparedness: adaptive responses to an evolving challenge. J Homel Secur Emerg Manag. 2006;3(2):1-27
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 4 No 2s (2020): COVID-19 | |
| Section | Review article | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19 Emergency Service, Hospital Health Personnel Stress, Psychological | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Pothiawala S. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 on Health Care Workers in the Emergency Department. Front Emerg Med. 2020;4(2s):e58.
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