Pediatric Emergency Medicine in Iran: Milestones and Future Directions

Abstract

Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) has emerged globally as a subspecialty dedicated to the acute care of infants, children, and adolescents, addressing their unique physiological and psychosocial needs. Following international developments in North America, Europe, and Asia, PEM was formally recognized in Iran between 2022 and 2023, with curriculum approval and the establishment of training programs at four major universities. A landmark achievement occurred in October 2025 with the graduation of the first cohort of eight subspecialists, creating a dedicated national workforce. Epidemiological studies in Iran highlight respiratory illnesses, trauma, and poisoning as leading pediatric emergencies, underscoring the relevance of PEM expertise. Institutional support is expanding, with additional centers accredited for training. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including limited pediatric-specific resources, gaps in emergency medical services preparedness, and lack of standardized protocols. Future priorities include establishing a national PEM journal, research center, and academic society to strengthen education, research, and collaboration. These milestones mark a historic turning point in Iranian pediatric emergency care, laying the foundation for sustainable growth and improved outcomes for children nationwide.