Eye emergency during wars; Take-home message for soldiers
,
Abstract
War is an organized and prolonged armed dispute between states or nations. It is characterized by high mortality, violence, and social or economic costs. There are multiple causes of war and conflict, including extreme poverty, high unemployment, and social, political, or economic disparities. The incidence of wars has increased since 1950, especially between states. Small Arms Survey reports that warfare kills nearly 133,750 persons, yearly. The rates of disability and death caused by war are more than many major diseases globally. It destroys the healthcare systems and public health services of the included states or societies, which results in more diseases and deaths.
1. War. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011.
2. Stewart F. Root causes of violent conflict in developing countries. BMJ. 2002;324(7333):342-5.
3. Ekzayez A, Alhaj Ahmad Y, Alhaleb H, Checchi F. The impact of armed conflict on utilisation of health services in north-west Syria: an observational study. Confl Health. 2021;15(1):91.
4. Sidel VW, Levy BS. The health impact of war. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2008;15(4):189-95.
5. Harvey MM, Justin GA, Brooks DI, Ryan DS, Weichel ED, Colyer MH. Ocular Trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom from 2001 to 2011: A Bayesian Network Analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2021;28(4):312–21.
6. Andreotti G. The Nature, Incidence, and Impact of Eye Injuries Among US Military Personnel. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(11):1693-7.
7. Reed D, Papp A, Brundridge W, Mehta A, Santamaria J, Valentin F, et al. Evisceration Versus Enucleation Following Ocular Trauma, a Retrospective Analysis at a Level One Trauma Center. Mil Med. 2020;185(3–4):409–12.
8. Vlasov A, Ryan DS, Ludlow S, Weichel ED, Colyer MH. Causes of combat ocular trauma-related blindness from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015; 79(4 Suppl 2):S210-5.
9. Weichel ED, Colyer MH. Combat ocular trauma and systemic injury. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19(6):519–25.
2. Stewart F. Root causes of violent conflict in developing countries. BMJ. 2002;324(7333):342-5.
3. Ekzayez A, Alhaj Ahmad Y, Alhaleb H, Checchi F. The impact of armed conflict on utilisation of health services in north-west Syria: an observational study. Confl Health. 2021;15(1):91.
4. Sidel VW, Levy BS. The health impact of war. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2008;15(4):189-95.
5. Harvey MM, Justin GA, Brooks DI, Ryan DS, Weichel ED, Colyer MH. Ocular Trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom from 2001 to 2011: A Bayesian Network Analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2021;28(4):312–21.
6. Andreotti G. The Nature, Incidence, and Impact of Eye Injuries Among US Military Personnel. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119(11):1693-7.
7. Reed D, Papp A, Brundridge W, Mehta A, Santamaria J, Valentin F, et al. Evisceration Versus Enucleation Following Ocular Trauma, a Retrospective Analysis at a Level One Trauma Center. Mil Med. 2020;185(3–4):409–12.
8. Vlasov A, Ryan DS, Ludlow S, Weichel ED, Colyer MH. Causes of combat ocular trauma-related blindness from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015; 79(4 Suppl 2):S210-5.
9. Weichel ED, Colyer MH. Combat ocular trauma and systemic injury. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19(6):519–25.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6 No 4 (2022): Autumn (October) | |
| Section | Letter to the editor | |
| DOI | 10.18502/fem.v6i4.10428 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Eye Injuries | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Fekry Elgazzar A, Shaban Abdella W, Farahat RA. Eye emergency during wars; Take-home message for soldiers. Front Emerg Med. 2022;6(4):e45.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
