<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Frontiers in Emergency Medicine">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Frontiers in Emergency Medicine</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2717-3593</Issn>
      <Volume>9</Volume>
      <Issue>2</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>06</Month>
        <Day>16</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">The emergence of a new category of disasters: manager-made disasters</title>
    <FirstPage>e19</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>e19</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Hesam</FirstName>
        <LastName>Seyedin</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Shandiz</FirstName>
        <LastName>Moslehi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mohsen</FirstName>
        <LastName>Nouri</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Sajjad</FirstName>
        <LastName>Narimani</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>11</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>06</Month>
        <Day>01</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">The rise of&#xA0;manager-made disasters&#x2014;crises stemming from incompetent leadership&#x2014;demands urgent attention. Unlike natural or traditional human-made disasters, these failures are preventable yet increasingly destructive, with cascading impacts on organizations and societies.To mitigate these risks, we propose four key measures:
First, appoint qualified leaders.&#xA0;Leadership selection must prioritize technical expertise and proven managerial competence, reducing reliance on political or regional favoritism.
Second, enhance training programs.&#xA0;Rigorous training in crisis management, risk assessment, and ethical decision-making should be implemented for current and aspiring leaders.
Third, strengthen accountability mechanisms.&#xA0;Transparent systems must be established to hold leaders responsible for failures, including independent audits, whistleblower protections, and performance-linked consequences.
Fourth, integrate safety-centric leadership practices.&#xA0;A culture of safety should be embedded in organizational governance, ensuring leaders prioritize risk mitigation, resource resilience, and employee well-being in all decisions.
Public awareness campaigns are equally critical to fostering accountability and demanding higher leadership standards. We urge academia and policymakers to address this gap by dedicating resources to studying and combating manager-made disasters.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://fem.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fem/article/view/1595</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://fem.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fem/article/download/1595/522</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
